Air in the Cities of Ukraine
Special emphasis in the course of implementation of the project is put on
involvement of students and young researchers in its activities and
dissemination of the information and knowledge with the purpose of drawing
public and national government attention to finding the most favourable
solution to the vital city air problems through due use of the European
experience and meeting the world standards.
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Techniques for long-term prediction of high water in the period of spring flood and estimation of the date for its onset
In the case of disastrous floods a forecast of maximum runoff for the
region as a whole, including hydrologically unexplored territories, and
estimation of date for spring flood onset are highly relevant.
Techniques for territorial long-term prediction of maximum flood
characteristics and probability of its onset for a perennial period have
for the first time ever been scientifically developed at the Odessa State
Environmental University. For typification of floods in accordance with
their water content the authors made use of multivariate statistical
model,
which takes account of a complex of basic factors having an influence
upon
conditions of flood formation.
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Modelling of influence of global climate change on productivity of agroecosystems in Ukraine
On the basis of the theory of energy-and-mass interchange in the "soil -
plant - atmosphere" system and the quantitative theory of photosynthesis
dynamic models of the functioning agroecosystems, which take into account
influence of major factors of the environment on processes of survivorship
of plants and their growth will be created. Adaptive reactions of
agroecosystems to influence of factors of the environment will be modelled.
With the help of various scenarios of climate change in Ukraine
quantitative estimations of adaptive reactions of agroecosystems to changes
in conditions of their carbon, radiation, thermal and water regime will be
made. With he help of the model vulnerability of agroecosystems to climate
change, estimation of change in potential of their biological efficiency
will be determined. Evaluation of productivity of grain crops and total
grain yield at change of climatic conditions in Ukraine will be performed.
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Development of Scientific basis and guidelines for water resource management in the period of formation of disastrous floods on the rivers
Commonly at solution of problems related to management of water resources
one has restrict himselfself to a very limited scope of information on
hydrology of the rivers. Therefore simplified formulae for estimation of
the peak discharges of water on the rivers were developed in Ukraine on the
basis of generalization of the empirical data. As these formulas do not
take a comprehensive account of the natural process, the authors recommend
a more profound theoretical approach, which is based on the isochrone
theory. Use of the proposed technique will make it possible:
- to increase reliability of design for hydraulic engineering structures
on the rivers;
- to estimate physical limits of maximum runoff on watersheds;
- to take into account the factors of the slope and channel transformation
in an explicit form.
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Water resource management under the conditions of anthropogenous effect, including global climate change
The base of the project is the "climate –runoff” model. The theoretical
foundation of this model is equations of water-heat and water-management
balance in the probabilistic form, climatic factors being the principal
elements of water-heat balance structure. The inputs of the model are
results of geographical generalization of data under natural conditions and
meteorological information of global climate change scenarios. The state of
the water resources, calculated on the basis of meteorological data, is
considered as initial state at modeling of man-made runoff.
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The role of Global Climate changes in developing extreme weather events
Society and economy are sensitive to weather extremes and climate changes.
Substantial benefits can be gained from a skilful prediction of these
natural events.This project contributes to the quantitative diagnosis of
the extreme weather events with respect to the climate condition on the
basis of the MM5v3.7 NWP model. The project is devoted to the use of
short-, medium- and extended range model simulations to reproduce the key
parameters of weather patterns and to elucidate systematic model errors
against the background of climate change. The quantitative description of
mechanisms driving the weather extremes and their relationships to various
regimes of the atmospheric flow will provide valuable insights for the
further prediction of extreme events.
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